The Cultural Context of Princess Mononoke

Princess Mononoke stands out amidst several other popular anime films because it defies the conventions of fourteenth century period films set during the Muromachi period of Japanese history (Napier 233). The film breaks the mold by depicting the marginals of history in an re-envisioned world.  Specifically, Princess Mononoke recounts the story of the outsiders to the rising high culture of Japan- in a sense, those who the civilized perceived as uncivilized.

Traditionally, period films contain a cast of primarily samurai, peasants, and feudal lords, centering around the apex of Japanese high culture, peace, and literacy (Napier 232).  In contrast, Princess Mononoke rejects the idealized myths of peace and advancement to depict outcasted members of society, such as women, nonethnic Japanese tribes, and the "kami" ancient gods.

The kami gods serve to protect the natural world.  Traditional myths depict Japanese culture as living in harmony with nature, but in Princess Mononoke, most humans vie to destroy the natural world in the collection of natural resources and in opposition to the revolting kami.  The clash between the kami and the humans refutes the domination of traditional stories set during the Muromachi period.

In traditional Japanese society, power was held by a patriarchal system- women were viewed as weaker and only secondary to men (Napier 235).  However, in Princess Mononoke, female characters dominate the human realm and even have a role in the world of the kami.  Lady Eboshi rules over Irontown, displaying a confident, assured personality, unorthodox for a traditional Japanese women's role.  San's role utterly opposes stereotypical Japanese culture, as she contains both an attribute of strength and an association with the ancient gods.  Having being raised by a wolf goddess, she exists with the sole purpose of preventing the humans from ravaging the forest.  In siding with the kami, she additionally represents outsiders of the Muromachi society that adhered to ancient traditions and respect of nature.  She rejects the seemingly progressive advancements in society that obliterate the natural world.